近段功夫以来，一些医院接诊儿童肺炎支原体习染病例增多。

Hospitals in parts of China are seeing a surge in infections of mycoplasma pneumoniae, a bacteria that commonly causes respiratory illnesses in young children.

儿童肺炎支原体习染有什么症状？疫情顶峰到来了吗？哪些患者可能发展为沉症？秋冬季若何做好预防？记者日前在解放军总医院第七医学中心采访儿科医学部主任周辉霞和儿童呼吸内科主任花少栋，对以上问题进行解读。

解放军总医院第七医学中心儿科医学部主任周辉霞在手术中

1. 肺炎支原体习染有什么症状？

支原体肺炎以持续性、痉挛性咳嗽为特点，有时和百日咳引起的咳嗽类似，可伴有发热、呼吸难题和咳痰。

Typical symptoms of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection include persistent and spasmodic coughing that is sometimes similar to the coughing caused by pertussis (whooping cough). Fever, difficulty breathing, and coughing up of phlegm may also occur.

持续高热是一个必要引起各人警惕的特点，能够说是拥有沉症偏差的危险成分之一。

Persistent high fever, which is a risk factor for severe cases, is also something to be mindful of.

其他沉症的早期预警指标还蕴含：医治后低氧血症和呼吸难题难以缓解或进展、存在哮喘和原发性免疫缺点病等基础疾病。

Other early warning signs for severe illnesses include persistent or worsening hypoxemia (low blood oxygen levels) or difficulty breathing, as well as underlying diseases such as asthma and immunodeficiency diseases.

2. 肺炎支原体习染往年的盛行情况若何？

肺炎支原体习染宽泛存在于世界各地，平时散发性发病，每隔3-7年出现一次地域盛行，每次盛行持续1-2年。

Mycoplasma pneumoniae circulate sporadically throughout the year, with regional epidemics recurring every three to seven years and each epidemic lasting for one to two years.

在社区、家庭内或荟萃人群中能够有盛行习染，暴发则往往在学堂、托幼机构、夏令营等封关群体中。

It can circulate in communities, families or gatherings, and infection clusters often occur at schools, nursery care centers or summer camps.

解放军总医院第七医学中心儿童呼吸内科主任花少栋为儿童做查抄

我国肺炎支原体习染2015到2019年一向处于上升状态，2019年是一个顶峰，2020年显著降落，可能与其时的新冠疫情防控措施有关。

Domestic spread of the disease has been rising since 2015 and peaked in 2019. Due to virus control measures rolled out during the COVID-19 pandemic, infection numbers declined significantly in subsequent years until the latest outbreak emerged.

今年是肺炎支原体在新冠疫情铺开后的第一次盛行。

The current wave of mycoplasma pneumoniae is the first to occur since COVID-19 containment measures were lifted.

3. 此刻儿童肺炎支原体习染情况若何？是否已经达到顶峰？

从目前的医院的收治情况来看，混合习染的多，耐药的多，大叶性肺炎变多，整体来势凶猛，同既往盛行有显著分歧。预计未来一个月是顶峰。

Compared to previous years, we have found more patients with mixed infections, drug resistance and lobar pneumonia. This wave is intense, and we expect to experience the peak of the outbreak throughout the next month.

4. 为何今年肺炎支原体习染较往年严沉？

新冠疫情期间，各人一向采取戴口罩、勤洗手、维持社交距离等方式防疫，没有机遇接触肺炎支原体，导致易动人群增长和群体免疫变差。

Implementation of COVID-19 control measures such as wearing masks, frequent hand-washing and maintaining social distance has led to limited exposure to the bacteria across the population. As a result, the number of susceptible individuals has increased and herd immunity has declined.

疫情铺开后，人们再次接触肺炎支原体时就会出现免疫过激反映，出现盛行。

5. 肺炎支原体习染有哪些重要的医治药物和伎俩？

凭据国度卫健委颁布的《儿童肺炎支原体肺炎诊疗指南（2023年版）》，大环内酯类抗菌药物是医治儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的首选抗菌药物，蕴含阿奇霉素，克拉霉素，红霉素，罗红霉素，非达霉素和乙酰吉他霉素等。

解放军总医院第七医学中心儿科医学部主任周辉霞查房

凭据今年肺炎支原体习染局势和临床特点，解放军总医院第七医学中心除药物医治表，还积极选取气管镜灌洗以及气路廓清术，显著加快患儿的复原功夫。

秋冬季节，若何预防呼吸路传染疾？

1. 加强体质和免疫力，如睡眠充足、营养充分、磨炼身段等；

   Get adequate sleep, maintain a balanced diet and exercise regularly;

2. 维持手部卫生，提倡勤洗手，尤其是在咳嗽或打喷嚏后。就餐前或接触传染环境后要洗手；

   Wash hands frequently;

3. 保障家庭和工作、生涯场所环境清洁和优良透风状态，每天保障一按功夫的开窗透风；

   Make sure you have a clean, well-ventilated environment at home and at your workplace;

4. 尽量削减与患病人群的接触机遇，在密关场所、近距离接触他人时按要求佩带口罩；

   Minimize contact with infected individuals and wear masks in enclosed areas;

5. 维持优良的呼吸路卫生习惯，咳嗽或打喷嚏时，用纸巾、毛巾等遮住口鼻，咳嗽或打喷嚏后洗手，尽量预防触摸眼睛、鼻或口。

   Cover your mouth and nose with tissues, towels or other materials when coughing or sneezing and wash hands afterwards.